Learn Python - Classes

What are classes in Python? Classes are a user-defined blueprint from which objects can be created.

Python is an Object Oriented Programming Language. Almost everything in Python is an object including its properties and methods. Classes are a user-defined blueprint from which objects can be created. Creating a new class creates a new type of object, allowing new instances of that type to be made. Each class instance can have attributes attached to it for maintaining its state.

class Example:
    name = 'Techn0'

Object

An object is an instance of a class. You can create different instances/objects for a class with different properties.

ex = Example
print(ex.name)

Output:

Techn0

__init__() Method

__init__() is similar to a constructor and is used to initialize the class's state. It runs as soon as an object of a class is instantiated. The method is useful to do any initialization you want to do with your object.

class Example:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
ex = Example("Techn0", 24)
print(ex.name)
print(ex.age)

Output:

Techn0 
24

Methods in a Classes

You can also define methods inside a class. A different instance can access the methods with different input parameters.

class Example:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    def func (self, aim):
        print("hello I am " + self.name + " I am a " + aim )

ex = Example("Techn0", 24)
print(ex.name)
print(ex.age)
ex.func("Engineer")

Output:

Techn0 
24 
hello I am Techn0 I am a Engineer

Self Parameter

The self parameter is similar to a pointer in C++, it refers to a particular instance of the class. It is passed along with methods (first parameter) and is used to access variables that belong to the class.

class Example:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    def myfunc(abc):
        print("Hello my name is " + abc.name)
p1 = Example("John", 36)
p1.myfunc()

Output:

Hello my name is John

Modify the Object Properties

The change in one instance of the object will not affect other instances.

p1.age = 23
print(p1.age)
print(p2.age)

Output:

23 
36

The classes form the backbone of oops programming languages. Here we have discussed the basics of class in Python. Hope you have understood.

For more, you can refer to the following:

Python Classes and Objects - GeeksforGeeks

Python Classes

For practice and examples, go here:

Learning-Python/Python_Classes.ipynb at main · Techn08055/Learning-Python

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